Engineering Marvel Against Impossible Odds
Construction of the Going-to-the-Sun Road began in 1921 and was completed in 1932, with formal dedication in 1933, at a cost of $2.5 million. The project required 490,000 pounds of explosives and carved this 50-mile engineering marvel directly into Glacier National Park's precipitous cliffs, literally hanging 12 miles of roadway off mountainsides. Designed by highway engineer Frank Kittredge, the route includes the dramatic Garden Wall section and required only a single switchback instead of the originally planned 15, making it one of the most spectacular mountain highways ever built.
Deadly Risks and Human Sacrifice
Construction workers, armed only with shovels, hammers, hemp climbing ropes and explosives, built scaffolding and trestles that hung out into space, hauled supplies on horseback and scaled 100-foot ladders while blasting through mountainsides at a rate of 100 feet per day. Three men died during construction and many more resigned in the face of difficult and vertigo-inducing work, while laborers moved mind-boggling quantities of trees, stumps, and rocks to complete this impossible feat. The treacherous conditions and extreme engineering challenges made this one of the most dangerous construction projects of its era.
Modern-Day Battle Against Nature
Today, the Park closes a 34.8-mile section of the road each winter due to inclement weather, heavy snowfall, and avalanche hazards, with annual spring opening being a highly anticipated event for visitors and the regional economy. Each spring, beginning in March, a crew of around 20 people including avalanche forecasters and heavy equipment operators work to plow, scoop and dump thousands of tons of snow each day, with the Big Drift section accumulating up to 80 feet of snow. Since modern operations began, dozens of avalanches crash onto the road each season, requiring crews to repeatedly clear the same sections in a Sisyphean battle against Mother Nature, while USGS avalanche scientists provide critical safety forecasting for this hazardous operation. The road typically opens fully by late June, allowing visitors to experience what remains one of America's most spectacular and hard-won transportation achievements.